Tax Loans: What Are They and How Do They Work?

Do you owe more in taxes than you can pay in one go? If so, the IRS will charge you interest and penalty fees until you pay that amount back in full. The good news is there are other options, such as taking out a tax loan. It can help you better manage your payments and cost you less over the long run.

What is a Tax Loan?

Essentially, a tax loan is a personal loan you take out in one lump sum to pay the government back when you owe money for taxes. Since it's a personal loan, you'll have a fixed monthly payment for the duration of the loan term. Depending on the rate you qualify for, it may save you money on interest compared to what the IRS charges.

How Does a Tax Loan Work?

Taking out a tax loan means you're borrowing money from a lender to pay the amount you owe to the IRS. If you're approved, you'll receive a lump sum to use toward state taxes, federal taxes, or other uses.

Instead of paying the IRS in installments, you'll pay your lender for the agreed upon term. The monthly amount will include the principal amount, plus interest. Your interest rate will depend on a number of factors such as the loan amount, loan term, income, and credit reports.

Tax loans may be both secured and unsecured. Secured loan require some sort of collateral to qualify, whereas unsecured loans, don't require any collateral.

Do I Need a Tax Loan?

Tax loans are best for those who owe taxes and can't afford to pay it in one lump sum. A tax loan can also help you if your tax bill was unexpected and you want to hold onto your hard-earned cash in favor of paying in small monthly payments over a fixed period of time. In other words, tax loans offer you some breathing room instead of panicking or scrambling to come up with the money.

Folks who tend to owe a large sum typically include those who work as contractors or in occupations with variable income. For instance, if you're newly self-employed and don't pay estimated taxes, you'll mostly likely owe thousands of dollars by the end of the year.

Alternatives to a Tax Loan

Credit Cards

That being said, a tax loan may not be the right choice in all cases. One option includes paying your taxes with your credit card, though it can be an expensive choice. First, you may have to pay a processing fee. While the amount will vary, expect to pay anywhere up to 2% of the payment amount. That means if you owe $5,000, you'll pay $100 in fees. There's also the interest your credit card company charges — most credit card rates are in the double digits.

Depending on your credit situation, you can apply for a credit card with a 0% introductory APR. If you can pay back the amount in full by the time the introductory period ends, this is a great option. But if you can't pay back the full amount in time, you could be hit with interest charges. And don't forget to check the fine print to see whether this type of payment is allowed.

IRS Payment Agreement

Your other option is to deal directly with the IRS to come up with a payment agreement, though this could also be an expensive alternative. You have two options if you want to go this route:

• Installment agreement: You can tell the IRS how much you are able to afford to pay each month, then wait for them to approve or deny the request. If approved, you'll need to pay a setup fee which can be as high as $225 (though you may be able to get it waived if you're a low-income taxpayer).  Interest and penalties will keep accruing until you pay off the entire amount owed. The interest rate is usually 5% of the unpaid amount each month and the penalty is usually 0.5% of the unpaid amount each month (up to 25%).
• Full payment agreement: Qualified taxpayers may have up to 120 days to pay the amount in full. You won't be charged a fee, but you'll accrue interest and penalties until the balance is paid off in full.

Both these options with the IRS depend on whether you'll be approved for the installment option or the fact that you'll be able to pay what you owe within 120 days. It's a good idea to compare all your options to see how much it'll cost you overall to find the best option.

How to Get a Tax Loan

If taking out a tax loan is the best option for you, start by researching lenders who offer these types of loans.

When making your comparison, don't just look at the lowest rates. You want to look at the fees and terms to make sure you're making an accurate comparison. For example, if one lender offers a lower interest rate but charges an origination fee, it might be beneficial compared to another one that has a slightly higher interest rate without additional charges.

Other factors to look at include the loan term. Depending on your situation, you may want to stretch out your payment if you can only afford a low monthly payment.

Once you've found the loan you want, fill out an application form and submit the required documents. Once approved and you receive the fund, use the borrowed money to pay your taxes. Make sure to make on-time monthly payments to your lender or else you could face late fees and other types of penalties.

Your Next Steps

Once you've worked out how you'll pay your tax bill, see what you can do to avoid getting such a large bill next year. It could mean making a higher quarterly estimated tax payment if you're self-employed or adjusting your W-4 withholding. Seeking the help of a tax professional is also a good idea as this person can best advise you on your tax situation.

Learn More About Tax Loans at PenFed

Take a look at the rates, terms, and features we offer.